什么是nginx平滑升级？

当官方发布一个新的稳定版，我们很有可能需要进行版本升级。新版本不仅会修复之前版本的bug,还会添加一些新的功能(当然还得视个人情况决定是否升级)。所谓的平滑升级就是不要让用户感受到，我们在 升级nginx,旧版本的nginx还在正常运行，当我们更新nginx版后，切换到新版本，这个过程不会中断服务，让用户感受不到服务卡顿。

平滑升级和添加模块是一样，升级需要下载最新的nginx包，而添加模块下载的当前版本的nginx包。小菜这篇博客是基于之前nginx的安装 卸载(3) 来进行，所以小伙伴们最好还是保持一致。升级是不需要卸载nginx的。

小菜是阿里云服务器，操作系统centos 7

1.安装编译源码环境

由于我们下载的是源码包，所以要对nginx进行编译，那么编译环境就必不可少。

安装gcc

yum install gcc 

安装PCRE

yum install pcre pcre-devel

安装zlib（zlib库提供了开发人员的压缩算法，在Nginx的各种模块中需要使用gzip压缩。如同安装PCRE一样，同样需要安装库和它的源代码：zlib和zlib-devel）

yum install zlib zlib-devel

安装OpenSSL（在Nginx中，如果服务器提供安全网页时则会用到OpenSSL库，我们需要安装库文件和它的开发安装包 openssl和 openssl-devel）

yum install openssl openssl-devel

2.下载nginx包

下载nginx包需要去nginx 官方网站，如果升级就找最新稳定版本的包，如果添加模块就找当自己当前版本 一样的包。找到之后，复制下载链接地址，小菜找的是当前最稳定版本https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

3.添加模块

nginx调试是很麻烦的，所以小菜就添加一个echo-nginx-module模块，它的版本 最新版本，找到自己要下载包，复制下载链接地址，小菜找到最新包https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.61.tar.gz

4.下载

我们将刚才找的包地址下载下来。下载到/opt/download

/opt
|-app
|-download
|-backup

进入download文件夹

cd /opt/download

下载nginx包

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

解压nginx包

tar -xvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

下载echo-nginx-module模块

wget https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.61.tar.gz

解压echo-nginx-module包

tar -xvf v0.61.tar.gz

5.编译nginx源码

为了和之前nginx版本的参数保持一致，我们先查看之前的nginx编译参数

nginx -V

输出：

` –prefix=/etc/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-compat –with-file-aio –with-threads –with-http_addition_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_slice_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_v2_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –with-stream –with-stream_realip_module –with-stream_ssl_module –with-stream_ssl_preread_module –with-cc-opt=’-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong –param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC’ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie’ `

进入解压好nginx-1.14.2文件夹

cd nginx-1.14.2

将echo-nginx-module添加到编译参数中去，添加到最后

` –prefix=/etc/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-compat –with-file-aio –with-threads –with-http_addition_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_slice_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_v2_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –with-stream –with-stream_realip_module –with-stream_ssl_module –with-stream_ssl_preread_module –with-cc-opt=’-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong –param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC’ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie’ –add-module=/opt/download/echo-nginx-module-0.61 `

编译

./configure 编译参数

./configure –prefix=/etc/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-compat –with-file-aio –with-threads –with-http_addition_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_slice_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_v2_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –with-stream –with-stream_realip_module –with-stream_ssl_module –with-stream_ssl_preread_module –with-cc-opt=’-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong –param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC’ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie’ –add-module=/opt/download/echo-nginx-module-0.61

安装

make && make install

检测是否安装成功

nginx -v

输出nginx version: nginx/1.14.2就算安装成功了

6.检测echo-nginx-module

前面几步我们将echo-nginx-module模块编译到nginx，下面检测echo-nginx-module

/etc/nginx/conf.d
|-echo.conf

echo.conf

server {
    listen       9001;
    server_name  localhost;


    location / { 
        default_type text/html;
        echo "<h1>欢迎来到瓦力博客</h1>";
    }   

}

重启nginx

nginx -s reload -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

检测9001端口，看9001端口是否监听

ss -luntp | grep nginx

在页面上输入http://walidream.com:9001，输出中文可能会有乱码，出现乱码需要将编码改为utf-8

7.echo调试

我们有了echo模块，在调试nginx时就变得容易多了。

输出字符串

echo "hello";

输入变量

echo $remote_addr;